Galvanized 409 stainless steel plate oxidation process introduced
(1) black handle. By some special treatment, as galvanized steel 1Cr13,3Cr13,4Cr13 on black nickel and zinc plating layer blackened.
① black nickel plating solution composition and soil conditions Arts
Molybdate press [(NH4) 6Mo7O24.4H20] 30 ~ 40g / L
Nickel sulfate (NiS04.7H2O) 120 ~ 150g / L
Boric acid (H3BO4) 20 ~ 25g / L
a pH value of 4.5 5.5
20 to 25 ℃ temperature
Cathode current density 0.15 ~ 0.3A / dm2
15 hours a 20min
② black zinc coating solution composition and process conditions
Molybdate press [(NH4) 6Mo7O24.4H20] 300g / L
Aqueous ammonia (NH3 · H2O) (d = 0.89) 600mL / L
Temperature 30 ~ 40 ℃
Time 10min
(2) Galvanized - black nickel plating process. Electrolytic degreasing → washing → weak corrosive (sulfuric acid 110mL / L, thiourea 10g / L, wash clean right amount) → washing → galvanized [NH4Cl220 ~ 280g / L, ZnCl230 ~ 35g / L, H3BO325 ~ 30g / L, polyethylene diol 1 ~ 2g / L, thiourea 1 ~ 2g / L, detergent 0.5 ~ 1mL / L, pH5.6 ~ 6.0, temperature 10 ~ 35 ℃, the cathode current density (Dk) 1 ~ 1.5A / dm2, the time 30s] → washing → retreat zinc (ZnCl250g / L, HCl50mL / L, room temperature, and the time to do back up) → washing → weak corrosion (ZnCl250g / L, HCl50mL / L, room temperature, and the time to do back up) → washing → galvanized
(Time 5min) → → washing → black nickel plated closed treatment (CrO32.5 ~ 5g / L, pH1.5 ~ 5, temperature 10 ~ 30 ℃, time 10 ~ 20s) → washing → dry (less than 500 ℃)
(3) galvanized black treatment process. Pre-galvanized and pre-treatment to black nickel plating process → galvanizing same (time 1.0 ~ 15min) → washing → → washing → black zinc coating and drying.
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2014年12月6日星期六
2014年12月3日星期三
Stainless steel sheet during the drawing when what features
Stainless steel products for its exquisite appearance, excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature strength and drew people of all ages, more and more widely used for decoration, light industry, civilian hardware, kitchen equipment and utensils, etc. . Due to the high quality requirements of the appearance of these products in the whole process of the product, to ensure that the product is not high surface brightness scratches and abrasions very difficult indeed, especially since 304 stainless steel sheet sheet drawing characteristics brought Die Selection , heat treatment, machining and process lubrication problems directly affecting product quality gold, production, costs and die life.
Features stainless steel sheet drawing
Due to the high yield point of stainless steel 304ba, high hardness, work hardening effect is remarkable, stainless steel sheet were drawing the following features:
1) due to poor thermal conductivity than ordinary low-carbon steel, resulting in deformation force required;
2) stainless steel sheet drawing, the severe plastic deformation hardening, easy to wrinkle when drawing sheet, full BHF want greater;
3) sheet metal bending in the rebound and reverse pull furrow mold caused by bending at the corner, and usually forms a depression in the side wall of distortion product makes high dimensional accuracy and shape requirements of the product to achieve the required increase in plastic surgery procedures.
4) stainless steel sheet bonded tumor phenomenon drawing process prone.
From the microscopic point of view, the key panel material rough mold surfaces are uneven, due to the process of drawing BHF larger load raised by the local unit to withstand a lot of pressure parts; because between the sheet and the mold to produce relative motion and the plastic deformation of sheet metal production of heat, making the lubricating film viscosity decreases, lower intensity; protruding parts of the sheet in a high pressure, high temperature instantaneously by shearing motion, the lubricant film rupture, sheet metal in direct contact with the mold, sheet metal parts to be scraped off the mold raised bumps become part of people die in front of the debris pile protruding parts, such as the temperature is high enough so that the pieces soften, melt, dry welding in the mold to form an adhesive tumor. Bond and form a tumor is difficult to come off, and the more the bigger stick, causing deep drawing steel sheet products severe scratches left on the surface. In addition, the drawing speed, sheet deformed child size also plays an important role on the bond neoplasia. How to avoid drawing die bonding tumor formation, improve the surface quality of drawing parts are stainless steel sheet drawing technical problems lies.
2 solutions
Deep drawing steel sheet bonding occurs during tumor has been plagued by production site, a great deal of trouble to producers, but due to the bonding neoplasia and other issues related to tribology, influenced by many factors. Currently, we can only propose measures from different angles to prevent tumor formation and reduce adhesion.
2.1 working part mold material selection and heat treatment
For bond tumor problem, choose a stainless steel mold material Chak relations, two points should be combined according to the pro stainless steel sheet metal and mold material: Choose one anti-adhesion strength, and second mold material wear and friction reduction. In general, the metal lattice type, lattice pitch, electron density, electrochemical properties interlinked metal, which attract each other, dissolving ability, easy to adhere together, the results of the friction coefficient becomes large. Cr, Ni and Fe miscibility big, so when using steel deep drawing, bonding tumors more susceptible to the phenomenon. Practice has proved that: use aluminum bronze, aluminum bronze hard sticking better; using Steel bonded tungsten carbide manufacturing die than raise with Cr12Mov tufftride manufacturing die life several times, and non-stick mode; if using code 3054 alloy cast iron, just mold surface flame hardening, the mold surface does not appear bond tumor. Also in vulnerable parts of the mold can be used carbide inserts, it has excellent compression performance, superior wear resistance and long-lasting love of the surface roughness and dimensional control. However, due to the price, the production used less.
Surface processing mold work portion 2.2
Stainless steel drawing die surface quality requirements are high. Low surface roughness may serve to improve the anti-friction and anti-adhesion effect so. After drawing die during the grinding process, the more important is to eliminate machining marks. In the mold is often overlooked grinding and polishing processes. It should be noted. Throughout the mold process, polishing workload should account for one third, because the appearance of quality stainless steel products depends largely on the mold polishing techniques. Reduce mold surface roughness, a corresponding reduction in the number of grinding mold, mold life correspondingly improved.
If the mold surface polishing enough, coupled with deep drawing steel sheet bonded easily cause tumor characteristics, thus drawing out of the product scratches serious. And that the scratches on the product with polished to solve time-consuming and reach results. Therefore, we should step up and down in the mold polishing great effort, only the mold surface machining accuracy is improved in order to reduce scratches, mold repair mold life can be greatly improved. In recent years, there have been a variety of new techniques of polishing and polishing tools, the development of ultrasound, electrolytic polishing, abrasive blasting, honing extrusion and other new technology, new equipment. According to information on CrWMo, 3Cr12W8V, Cr12 mold test three materials studied electrochemical polishing, polishing prove that only 5-10 minutes from the mold cavity surface roughness of the original Ra3.2-Ra1.6 down to Ra0.4-RaO.2 basis. While by electrochemical polishing may improve the surface hardness to improve wear resistance. Again, ultrasonic polishing machine can be used by soft nitriding treatment cavity fine polishing, it is easy to avoid the disadvantages of manual polishing damage nitride film. For new polishing techniques we should take active steps to use and summary.
Stainless steel drawing die surface quality requirements are high. Low surface roughness may serve to improve the anti-friction and anti-adhesion effect so. After drawing die during the grinding process, the more important is to eliminate machining marks. In the mold is often overlooked grinding and polishing processes. It should be noted. Throughout the mold process, polishing workload should account for one third, because the appearance of quality stainless steel products depends largely on the mold polishing techniques. Reduce mold surface roughness, a corresponding reduction in the number of grinding mold, mold life correspondingly improved.
If the mold surface polishing enough, coupled with deep drawing steel sheet bonded easily cause tumor characteristics, thus drawing out of the product scratches serious. And that the scratches on the product with polished to solve time-consuming and reach results. Therefore, we should step up and down in the mold polishing great effort, only the mold surface machining accuracy is improved in order to reduce scratches, mold repair mold life can be greatly improved. In recent years, there have been a variety of new techniques of polishing and polishing tools, the development of ultrasound, electrolytic polishing, abrasive blasting, honing extrusion and other new technology, new equipment. According to information on CrWMo, 3Cr12W8V, Cr12 mold test three materials studied electrochemical polishing, polishing prove that only 5-10 minutes from the mold cavity surface roughness of the original Ra3.2-Ra1.6 down to Ra0.4-RaO.2 basis. While by electrochemical polishing may improve the surface hardness to improve wear resistance. Again, ultrasonic polishing machine can be used by soft nitriding treatment cavity fine polishing, it is easy to avoid the disadvantages of manual polishing damage nitride film. For new polishing techniques we should take active steps to use and summary.
Features stainless steel sheet drawing
Due to the high yield point of stainless steel 304ba, high hardness, work hardening effect is remarkable, stainless steel sheet were drawing the following features:
1) due to poor thermal conductivity than ordinary low-carbon steel, resulting in deformation force required;
2) stainless steel sheet drawing, the severe plastic deformation hardening, easy to wrinkle when drawing sheet, full BHF want greater;
3) sheet metal bending in the rebound and reverse pull furrow mold caused by bending at the corner, and usually forms a depression in the side wall of distortion product makes high dimensional accuracy and shape requirements of the product to achieve the required increase in plastic surgery procedures.
4) stainless steel sheet bonded tumor phenomenon drawing process prone.
From the microscopic point of view, the key panel material rough mold surfaces are uneven, due to the process of drawing BHF larger load raised by the local unit to withstand a lot of pressure parts; because between the sheet and the mold to produce relative motion and the plastic deformation of sheet metal production of heat, making the lubricating film viscosity decreases, lower intensity; protruding parts of the sheet in a high pressure, high temperature instantaneously by shearing motion, the lubricant film rupture, sheet metal in direct contact with the mold, sheet metal parts to be scraped off the mold raised bumps become part of people die in front of the debris pile protruding parts, such as the temperature is high enough so that the pieces soften, melt, dry welding in the mold to form an adhesive tumor. Bond and form a tumor is difficult to come off, and the more the bigger stick, causing deep drawing steel sheet products severe scratches left on the surface. In addition, the drawing speed, sheet deformed child size also plays an important role on the bond neoplasia. How to avoid drawing die bonding tumor formation, improve the surface quality of drawing parts are stainless steel sheet drawing technical problems lies.
2 solutions
Deep drawing steel sheet bonding occurs during tumor has been plagued by production site, a great deal of trouble to producers, but due to the bonding neoplasia and other issues related to tribology, influenced by many factors. Currently, we can only propose measures from different angles to prevent tumor formation and reduce adhesion.
2.1 working part mold material selection and heat treatment
For bond tumor problem, choose a stainless steel mold material Chak relations, two points should be combined according to the pro stainless steel sheet metal and mold material: Choose one anti-adhesion strength, and second mold material wear and friction reduction. In general, the metal lattice type, lattice pitch, electron density, electrochemical properties interlinked metal, which attract each other, dissolving ability, easy to adhere together, the results of the friction coefficient becomes large. Cr, Ni and Fe miscibility big, so when using steel deep drawing, bonding tumors more susceptible to the phenomenon. Practice has proved that: use aluminum bronze, aluminum bronze hard sticking better; using Steel bonded tungsten carbide manufacturing die than raise with Cr12Mov tufftride manufacturing die life several times, and non-stick mode; if using code 3054 alloy cast iron, just mold surface flame hardening, the mold surface does not appear bond tumor. Also in vulnerable parts of the mold can be used carbide inserts, it has excellent compression performance, superior wear resistance and long-lasting love of the surface roughness and dimensional control. However, due to the price, the production used less.
Surface processing mold work portion 2.2
Stainless steel drawing die surface quality requirements are high. Low surface roughness may serve to improve the anti-friction and anti-adhesion effect so. After drawing die during the grinding process, the more important is to eliminate machining marks. In the mold is often overlooked grinding and polishing processes. It should be noted. Throughout the mold process, polishing workload should account for one third, because the appearance of quality stainless steel products depends largely on the mold polishing techniques. Reduce mold surface roughness, a corresponding reduction in the number of grinding mold, mold life correspondingly improved.
If the mold surface polishing enough, coupled with deep drawing steel sheet bonded easily cause tumor characteristics, thus drawing out of the product scratches serious. And that the scratches on the product with polished to solve time-consuming and reach results. Therefore, we should step up and down in the mold polishing great effort, only the mold surface machining accuracy is improved in order to reduce scratches, mold repair mold life can be greatly improved. In recent years, there have been a variety of new techniques of polishing and polishing tools, the development of ultrasound, electrolytic polishing, abrasive blasting, honing extrusion and other new technology, new equipment. According to information on CrWMo, 3Cr12W8V, Cr12 mold test three materials studied electrochemical polishing, polishing prove that only 5-10 minutes from the mold cavity surface roughness of the original Ra3.2-Ra1.6 down to Ra0.4-RaO.2 basis. While by electrochemical polishing may improve the surface hardness to improve wear resistance. Again, ultrasonic polishing machine can be used by soft nitriding treatment cavity fine polishing, it is easy to avoid the disadvantages of manual polishing damage nitride film. For new polishing techniques we should take active steps to use and summary.
Stainless steel drawing die surface quality requirements are high. Low surface roughness may serve to improve the anti-friction and anti-adhesion effect so. After drawing die during the grinding process, the more important is to eliminate machining marks. In the mold is often overlooked grinding and polishing processes. It should be noted. Throughout the mold process, polishing workload should account for one third, because the appearance of quality stainless steel products depends largely on the mold polishing techniques. Reduce mold surface roughness, a corresponding reduction in the number of grinding mold, mold life correspondingly improved.
If the mold surface polishing enough, coupled with deep drawing steel sheet bonded easily cause tumor characteristics, thus drawing out of the product scratches serious. And that the scratches on the product with polished to solve time-consuming and reach results. Therefore, we should step up and down in the mold polishing great effort, only the mold surface machining accuracy is improved in order to reduce scratches, mold repair mold life can be greatly improved. In recent years, there have been a variety of new techniques of polishing and polishing tools, the development of ultrasound, electrolytic polishing, abrasive blasting, honing extrusion and other new technology, new equipment. According to information on CrWMo, 3Cr12W8V, Cr12 mold test three materials studied electrochemical polishing, polishing prove that only 5-10 minutes from the mold cavity surface roughness of the original Ra3.2-Ra1.6 down to Ra0.4-RaO.2 basis. While by electrochemical polishing may improve the surface hardness to improve wear resistance. Again, ultrasonic polishing machine can be used by soft nitriding treatment cavity fine polishing, it is easy to avoid the disadvantages of manual polishing damage nitride film. For new polishing techniques we should take active steps to use and summary.
2014年11月30日星期日
How to identify stainless steel products?
Q: Many cookware is now appearing on the market, even though the sign is written in stainless steel suppliers, is actually a "stainless steel iron" products. How should identify the 430 stainless steel plate and the "stainless steel iron" supplies it?
A: 1 from the identification tag: Many stainless steel supplies are playing surface has stamp, for example: the words, short in front of the number 13 ~ 0,18 ~ 8 indicates that the product, such as chromium content, short behind the numbers indicate the amount of nickel-containing products . Like 13 to 0 indicates it does not contain nickel chromium, commonly known as "stainless iron"; 8 and 18 to indicate that the product also contains chromium nickel, this isstainless steel plate.
2. From the sound judgment: Tap stainless steel or "stainless iron" products can also be used as a method to judge.
3. Use a permanent magnet to attract: the real attraction of 430 stainless steel magnetic is not magnetic, "stainless steel iron," you can be attracted to a magnet. Although there are differences "stainless iron" and stainless nature, but in terms of its anti-corrosion ability, are much better than wrought iron and cast iron cookware.
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2014年11月26日星期三
Japan's Kobe Steel will produce ultra-high strength steel in China
According to "Japanese Economic News" reported on September 9, Kobe Steel will reach twice the current product ultralight stainless steel magnetic production in China. In order to achieve one-stop production in China locally, Kobe Steel's joint venture company will provide technology, drive down costs. Investment will amount to about 30 billion yen (about 1.73 billion yuan), as early as 2016 to begin production. China as the world's largest auto market, increasingly stringent environmental regulations.stainless steel sheets, a move designed to meet the automotive manufacturers to reduce vehicle weight to improve fuel efficiency performance requirements.
Kobe Steel will be its new plant in Liaoning Province, Anshan Iron and Steel Group and the joint venture's launch "ultra high strength" steel plate production equipment, the strength of "ultra-high strength" steel is nearly 2 times the normal high-strength steel. The intensity produced by the ultra-high strength steel, Kobe Steel is 980Mpa (M = 100 million) level and above, is the main vehicle of high strength steel (590Mpa grade) nearly two-fold.
Kobe Steel will invest about 30 billion yen rapid cooling can be introduced advanced equipment, precise control of steel structure. And to provide for a new plant with a processing base plate Anshan Group provides independent research and production techniques, in order to build in China's system of one-stop production locally. Previously, the car has been used by the Japanese steel exports to China. Kobe Steel will be links from the base plate of the one-stop-start local production by improving cost competitiveness.
Kobe Steel will 980Mpa grade steel as the originator, the further production of higher strength steel in the future 1180Mpa level.
Contribute to the body weight of the ultra-high-strength steel has been applied to part of the body frame and other car parts. However, compared with ordinary steel, higher prices, even in Japan, using the ratio is also only about 10% of the skeleton as a whole. Current demand in China is also minimal.
Reported that the affected air pollution problems, the Chinese government put forward to strengthen the principle of environmental restrictions. To improve fuel efficiency performance, lightweight body indispensable, so in addition to Japanese and European companies are expected to China's automobile manufacturers will also move to higher field strength steel.
Kobe Steel will be its new plant in Liaoning Province, Anshan Iron and Steel Group and the joint venture's launch "ultra high strength" steel plate production equipment, the strength of "ultra-high strength" steel is nearly 2 times the normal high-strength steel. The intensity produced by the ultra-high strength steel, Kobe Steel is 980Mpa (M = 100 million) level and above, is the main vehicle of high strength steel (590Mpa grade) nearly two-fold.
Kobe Steel will invest about 30 billion yen rapid cooling can be introduced advanced equipment, precise control of steel structure. And to provide for a new plant with a processing base plate Anshan Group provides independent research and production techniques, in order to build in China's system of one-stop production locally. Previously, the car has been used by the Japanese steel exports to China. Kobe Steel will be links from the base plate of the one-stop-start local production by improving cost competitiveness.
Kobe Steel will 980Mpa grade steel as the originator, the further production of higher strength steel in the future 1180Mpa level.
Contribute to the body weight of the ultra-high-strength steel has been applied to part of the body frame and other car parts. However, compared with ordinary steel, higher prices, even in Japan, using the ratio is also only about 10% of the skeleton as a whole. Current demand in China is also minimal.
Reported that the affected air pollution problems, the Chinese government put forward to strengthen the principle of environmental restrictions. To improve fuel efficiency performance, lightweight body indispensable, so in addition to Japanese and European companies are expected to China's automobile manufacturers will also move to higher field strength steel.
2014年11月21日星期五
magnetic stainless steel sheets performance overall presentation
magnetic stainless steel sheets have a stainless steel high temperature, acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, abrasion characteristics. It uses three types of mesh are not the same, the first two categories are generally used for load-bearing, protection, fencing, magnetic stainless steel sheets decorative and other purposes, stainless steel filter sheets are generally used for acid-base environment screening and filtration.
magnetic stainless steel sheets, is reported in the current portion of Origin thick material to appear a little more scarce, many more than 2.0 specifications are only sporadic inventory, mainly because some of the thin compound tolerances, specifications very good resource widely fancied traders at the time of delivery have preferences, resulting in an imbalance Bohou material resources.
2014年11月17日星期一
magnetic stainless steel using the Solution
magnetic stainless steel pump will be able to become a leader in the vanguard for the development of China's stainless steel pump industry contribute China stainless steel mesh editing informed.
magnetic stainless steel fasteners investigation, saying that magnetic stainless steel can not prove that dumping products on the EU market, the Thai stainless steel fastener manufacturers exporting to the European market brighter future. Organizational performance and quality super ferrite magnetic stainless steel has an extremely important role. Series of studies by super ferrite stainless steel billet quality and performance, and determine niobium, stainless steel sheets titanium, super ferrite stainless steel in the mode of occurrence and limit the content, as well as niobium, titanium, carbon, nitrogen, the best ratio, magnetic stainless steel can provide an effective solution stainless steel plate to the problem and process optimization slab quality ferritic stainless steel production process faces.
2014年11月13日星期四
mechanical properties of magnetic stainless introduction
Melting point, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the thermodynamic properties of the electromagnetic properties, resistivity, conductivity and permeability, magnetic stainless as well as Young's modulus, stiffness coefficient and other mechanical properties. These properties are generally considered to be the inherent characteristics of the stainless steel material, but it can also be affected by factors such as temperature, degree of processing and the magnetic magnetic stainless steel sheets field strength and the like. Typically magnetic stainless, low thermal conductivity as compared with pure iron, resistance, and the linear expansion coefficient and the permeability and other properties depending on the crystal structure of the stainless steel itself varies.
magnetic stainless corrosive chemical in the air or in a high-alloy steel to resist corrosion, magnetic stainless is a beautiful surface and 304 stainless steel sheet good corrosion resistance, without going through the plated surface treatment, and play inherent in the surface properties of stainless steel, used in wide range of steel, often referred to as stainless steel.
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